Wothandizira thovu la polyurethane
Chopangira thovu cha polyurethane ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa aerosol ndi ukadaulo wa thovu la polyurethane. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zokhala ngati siponji pa mtundu wa chubu ndi mtundu wa mfuti. Styrofoam imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopangira thovu popanga thovu la microcellular. Nthawi zambiri imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu weniweni ndi mtundu wa mankhwala. Izi zimadalira ngati kupanga mpweya ndi njira yeniyeni (Volatilization kapena sublimation) kapena njira ya mankhwala (Kuwononga kapangidwe ka mankhwala kapena zochita zina za mankhwala)
Dzina la Chingerezi
Thovu la PU
Ukadaulo
Ukadaulo wa aerosol ndi ukadaulo wa thovu la polyurethane
Mitundu
Mtundu wa chubu ndi mtundu wa mfuti
Chiyambi
Dzina lonse la chopangira thovu cha polyurethane ndi chotchingira thovu cha polyurethane. Mayina ena: chopangira thovu, styrofoam, PU sealant. PU FOAM ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa aerosol ndi ukadaulo wa thovu la polyurethane. Ndi chinthu chapadera cha polyurethane momwe zinthu monga polyurethane prepolymer, chopangira chopukutira, ndi chothandizira zimadzazidwa mu chidebe cha aerosol chosapanikizika. Zinthuzo zikapopedwa kuchokera mu thanki ya aerosol, zinthu za polyurethane zonga thovu zimakula mwachangu ndipo zimalimba ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi mpweya kapena chinyezi chomwe chili mu substrate kuti apange thovu. Ntchito zake ndi zosiyanasiyana. Zili ndi ubwino wa thovu lakutsogolo, kukula kwakukulu, kuchepa pang'ono, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo thovu lili ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso limamatira kwambiri. Thovu lochiritsidwa limakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana monga kutseka, kulumikiza, kutseka, kutchinjiriza kutentha, kuyamwa kwa mawu, ndi zina zotero. Ndi chinthu chomangira choteteza chilengedwe, chosunga mphamvu komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potseka ndi kulumikiza, kudzaza mipata, kukonza ndi kulumikiza, kusunga kutentha ndi kuteteza mawu, ndipo ndi yoyenera kwambiri potseka ndi kuletsa madzi pakati pa zitseko zachitsulo cha pulasitiki kapena aluminiyamu ndi mawindo ndi makoma.
Kufotokozera kwa magwiridwe antchito
Kawirikawiri, nthawi youma pamwamba ndi pafupifupi mphindi 10 (pansi pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi 20°C). Nthawi yonse youma imasiyana malinga ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi. Nthawi zonse, nthawi yonse youma m'chilimwe ndi pafupifupi maola 4-6, ndipo zimatenga maola 24 kapena kuposerapo kuti ziume pafupifupi zero m'nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zonse zikagwiritsidwa ntchito (ndipo ndi chophimba pamwamba), akuti nthawi yake yogwira ntchito siidzakhala yochepera zaka khumi. Thovu louma limasunga kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kumamatira kutentha kwa -10℃ ~ 80℃. Thovu louma lili ndi ntchito zophimba, kulumikiza, kutseka, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, chothandizira kutulutsa thovu cha polyurethane chomwe chimaletsa moto chimatha kufika pa B ndi C grade flame retardant.
Kulephera
1. Chothandizira kutsekereza thovu la polyurethane, kutentha kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, kuyenda kwake kumayenda bwino, ndipo kukhazikika kwake sikolimba. Sikokhazikika ngati thovu lolimba la polyurethane.
2. Chotsekera thovu cha polyurethane, liwiro la thovu ndi lochedwa kwambiri, kapangidwe ka malo akuluakulu sikungatheke, kusalala sikungathe kulamulidwa, ndipo khalidwe la thovu ndi loipa kwambiri.
3. Chotsekera thovu cha polyurethane, chokwera mtengo
Kugwiritsa ntchito
1. Kukhazikitsa chitseko ndi mawindo: Kutseka, kukonza ndi kumangirira zitseko ndi mawindo ndi makoma.
2. Chitsanzo cha malonda: Chitsanzo, kupanga tebulo la mchenga, kukonza bolodi lowonetsera
3. Kuteteza mawu: Kudzaza mipata yokongoletsera zipinda zolankhulira ndi zipinda zowulutsira mawu, zomwe zimatha kuletsa mawu komanso kuletsa phokoso.
4. Kulima: Kukonza maluwa, kulima ndi kukonza malo, kowala komanso kokongola
5. Kukonza tsiku ndi tsiku: Kukonza mabowo, mipata, matailosi a pakhoma, matailosi a pansi, ndi pansi
6. Kutsekereza madzi: Kukonza ndi kutsekereza madzi omwe amatuluka m'mapaipi amadzi, zimbudzi, ndi zina zotero.
7. Kulongedza ndi kutumiza: Imatha kukulunga mosavuta zinthu zamtengo wapatali komanso zosalimba, kusunga nthawi ndi liwiro, kukana kugwedezeka komanso kukana kupanikizika
Malangizo
1. Musanapange, madontho a mafuta ndi fumbi loyandama pamwamba pa nyumba ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo madzi ochepa ayenera kupopedwa pamwamba pa nyumbayo.
2. Musanagwiritse ntchito, gwedezani thanki ya polyurethane thovu kwa masekondi osachepera 60 kuti muwonetsetse kuti zomwe zili mu thankiyo ndi zofanana.
3. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito chopangira thovu cha polyurethane chonga mfuti, tembenuzani thankiyo mozondoka kuti ilumikizane ndi ulusi wa mfuti yopopera, yatsani valavu yoyendetsera madzi, ndikusintha kayendedwe ka madzi musanapopera. Ngati chopangira thovu cha polyurethane chonga chubu chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, pindani nozzle ya pulasitiki pa ulusi wa valavu, gwirizanitsani chitoliro cha pulasitiki ndi mpata, ndikukanikiza nozzle kuti ipopere.
4. Samalani liwiro la kuyenda mukamapopera, nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa jakisoni kumatha kukhala theka la kuchuluka kofunikira kodzaza. Dzazani mipata yoyima kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba.
5. Mukadzaza mipata monga denga, thovu losakonzedwa likhoza kugwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Ndikofunikira kupereka chithandizo choyenera nthawi yomweyo mutadzaza, kenako chotsani chithandizocho thovu litakonzedwa ndikulumikizidwa ku khoma la mpata.
6. Thovu lidzachotsedwa patatha mphindi 10, ndipo likhoza kudulidwa patatha mphindi 60.
7. Gwiritsani ntchito mpeni kudula thovu lochulukirapo, kenako pukutani pamwamba ndi simenti, utoto kapena silica gel.
8. Yesani choyezera thovu malinga ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo, onjezerani madzi oyera nthawi 80 kuti muchepetse kuti mupange thovu; kenako gwiritsani ntchito makina opangira thovu kuti mupange thovu la thovu, kenako onjezerani thovulo ku slurry ya simenti ya magnesite yosakanikirana mofanana malinga ndi kuchuluka komwe kwakonzedweratu. Sakanizani mofanana, ndipo potsiriza tumizani thovu la magnesite ku makina opangira kapena nkhungu kuti mupange.
Zolemba Zomangamanga:
Kutentha kwabwinobwino kwa thanki yopangira thovu la polyurethane ndi +5～+40℃, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kogwiritsa ntchito +18～+25℃. Ngati kutentha kuli kochepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mankhwalawa pa kutentha kosasintha kwa +25～+30℃ kwa mphindi 30 musanagwiritse ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino. Kukana kutentha kwa thovu louma ndi -35℃～+80℃.
Thovu la polyurethane ndi thovu lochotsa chinyezi. Liyenera kupopedwa pamalo onyowa likagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chinyezi chikachuluka, chimapopedwa mwachangu. Thovu losakonzedwa likhoza kutsukidwa ndi chotsukira, pomwe thovu lokonzedwa liyenera kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina (kupukuta kapena kudula). Thovu lokonzedwa lidzakhala lachikasu likawotchedwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Ndikofunikira kupaka pamwamba pa thovu lokonzedwa ndi zinthu zina (simenti, utoto, ndi zina zotero). Mukagwiritsa ntchito mfuti yopopera, chonde yeretsani ndi chotsukira chapadera nthawi yomweyo.
Mukasintha thanki, gwedezani thanki yatsopano bwino (kugwedeza osachepera nthawi 20), chotsani thanki yopanda kanthu, ndikusinthirani thanki yatsopano mwachangu kuti cholumikizira cha mfuti yopopera chisaume.
Valavu yowongolera kuyenda kwa madzi ndi choyambitsa cha mfuti yopopera zimatha kuwongolera kukula kwa kuyenda kwa thovu. Jakisoni akasiya, tsekani nthawi yomweyo vavu yoyendetsera madzi mozungulira wotchi.
Malangizo Oteteza
Thovu losakonzedwa limamatira pakhungu ndi zovala. Musakhudze khungu lanu ndi zovala zanu mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Thanki ya polyurethane thovu ili ndi mphamvu ya 5-6kg/cm2 (25℃), ndipo kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira 50℃ panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula kuti thankiyo isaphulike.
Matanki a polyurethane thovu ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lachindunji ndipo ana ndi oletsedwa kwambiri. Kutulutsa madzi m'matanki mutagwiritsa ntchito, makamaka matanki a polyurethane thovu omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito, sayenera kutayidwa. N'koletsedwa kutentha kapena kuboola matanki opanda kanthu.
Sungani kutali ndi malawi otseguka ndipo musakhudze zinthu zomwe zimayaka moto kapena kuphulika.
Malo omanga ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo ogwira ntchito yomanga ayenera kuvala magolovesi, maovalo ndi magalasi oteteza maso panthawi yomanga, ndipo asasute fodya.
Ngati thovulo lakhudza maso, chonde tsukani ndi madzi musanapite kuchipatala kukalandira chithandizo; ngati lakhudza khungu, tsukani ndi madzi ndi sopo.
Njira yopangira thovu
1. Njira ya Prepolymer
Njira yopangira thovu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya pre-polymer ndi kupanga (zinthu zoyera) ndi (zinthu zakuda) kukhala pre-polymer poyamba, kenako kuwonjezera madzi, chothandizira, surfactant, zowonjezera zina ku pre-polymer, ndikusakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza mwachangu. Zilowerereni, mutatha kuzikonza, zimatha kuchiritsidwa pa kutentha kwina.
2. Njira ya semi-prepolymer
Njira yopangira thovu ya njira ya semi-prepolymer ndikupanga gawo la polyether polyol (zinthu zoyera) ndi diisocyanate (zinthu zakuda) kukhala prepolymer, kenako kuphatikiza gawo lina la polyether kapena polyol ya polyester ndi diisocyanate, madzi, Catalysts, surfactants, zowonjezera zina, ndi zina zotero zimawonjezedwa ndikusakanizidwa pansi pa kusakaniza kwachangu kuti zipange thovu.
3. Njira imodzi yopangira thovu
Onjezani polyether kapena polyol ya polyol (zinthu zoyera) ndi polyisocyanate (zinthu zakuda), madzi, chothandizira, surfactant, chopangira mpweya, zowonjezera zina ndi zinthu zina zopangira pang'onopang'ono, ndikusakaniza pansi pa kusakaniza kwachangu kenako thovu.
Njira imodzi yopangira thovu ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Palinso njira yopangira thovu pamanja, yomwe ndi njira yosavuta. Zinthu zonse zikayesedwa bwino, zimayikidwa mu chidebe, kenako zinthu izi zimasakanizidwa mofanana ndikulowetsedwa mu nkhungu kapena malo omwe amafunika kudzazidwa ndi thovu. Dziwani: Poyezera, polyisocyanate (zinthu zakuda) iyenera kuyezedwa pomaliza.
Thovu lolimba la polyurethane nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi thovu kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo njira yopangira zinthu ndi yosavuta. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa makina omangira, lingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: thovu lopangidwa ndi manja ndi thovu lopangidwa ndi makina. Malinga ndi kupanikizika panthawi yopangira thovu, lingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: thovu lopangidwa ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ndi thovu lopangidwa ndi mphamvu yapansi. Malinga ndi njira yopangira zinthu, lingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: kutsanulira thovu ndi kupopera thovu.
Ndondomeko
Chopangira thovu cha polyurethane chinalembedwa ndi Unduna wa Zomangamanga ngati chinthu chomwe chiyenera kukwezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya "Pulani ya Zaka Zisanu ndi Chimodzi".
Chiyembekezo cha msika
Popeza zinthu 2000 zinakwezedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku China, kufunikira kwa msika kwakula mofulumira. Mu 2009, kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka kwa msika wa zomangamanga mdziko lonse kwapitirira zitini 80 miliyoni. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zofunikira paubwino wa nyumba komanso kukwezedwa kwa nyumba zosunga mphamvu, zinthu zoterezo Kuchuluka kwa glutathione kudzawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mtsogolo.
M'dziko muno, ukadaulo wopanga ndi kupanga wa mtundu uwu wa mankhwala waphunzitsidwa bwino, zinthu zopanda fluorine zomwe siziwononga ozoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo zinthu zokhala ndi thovu loyambirira (1) zapangidwa. Kupatula kuti opanga ena amagwiritsabe ntchito zida za valavu zochokera kunja, zinthu zina zothandizira zapangidwa m'dziko muno.
Buku lophunzitsira
(1) Chomwe chimatchedwa pre-foaming chimatanthauza kuti 80% ya polyurethane thovu agent yakhala itapopedwa pambuyo popopera, ndipo thovu lotsatira ndi laling'ono kwambiri.
Izi zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kumvetsetsa mphamvu ya manja awo akamagwiritsa ntchito mfuti yotulutsa thovu, zomwe ndi zosavuta komanso zosavuta ndipo siziwononga guluu. Thovu likatha kupopera, guluuyo pang'onopang'ono umakhala wokhuthala kuposa pamene ukuponyedwa.
Mwanjira imeneyi, zimakhala zovuta kwa ogwira ntchito kumvetsetsa mphamvu yokoka choyimbira m'manja mwawo, ndipo n'zosavuta kutaya guluu, osachepera 1/3 ya zinyalala. Kuphatikiza apo, guluu wothira pambuyo pokulitsa umatha kufinya zitseko ndi mawindo akatha kukonzedwa, monga guluu wamba womwe umapezeka mufakitale yamsika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-25-2021